Formations

=Formation Test (JPPTS)= Section on bright downwind / into the wind 5/300 the number of aircraft in the flight retard the power a sufficient amount to allow Wing a closing advantage during the climbout 10 knots per T-34C length 170 knots ventral point over the opposite cutout, prop arc under the midpoint of the stbd wing, trailing edge of the stbd exhaust stack tangent to the leading edge of the stbd wing 10' ofstepdown, 20' of nose-to-tail clearance, and 4' ofwingtip separation hidden by the wing 1. stepdown 2. bearing 3. relative closeness (in this order) Wing is incorrectly positioned aft of the bearing line Wing is incorrectly positioned forward of the bearing line 150 K1AS (approx. 630 ft-lbs) rolling at a rate that achieves 30deg angle of bank after 30deg of turn The underside of Lead's fuselage will be on the horizon and the ventral point directly over the cutout away from Wing 45deg AOB level turn altitude and airspeed of 150 K1AS 60 deg AOB, 150 K1AS max / on or slightly below the horizon a. the joinup phase begins b. an underrun is required c. airspeed deviates from 150 K1AS or the aircraft becomes hung or stuck on the bearing line 1. lower 2. idle 3. lateral separation 1. lower 2. level 3. idle NF pattern and landing / FF pattern and landing side of the runway and execute aborting procedures call "[tac call sign] 2 is. Blind" check area clear and climb 200' above working altitude first make the call and descend 200' below working altitude will not be conducted 10' 950 ft-lbs 7500' MSL and 170 K1AS at roughly 700-750 ft-lbs Knock-it-off 5000' AGL prefaced by arm over face in a weeping gesture
 * 1. The smallest Formation unit is called a...
 * 2. During the Prestart Checklist, Navigation lights will be...
 * 3. When taking the runway, lead will position his aircraft on the ___ side and wing will be placed
 * 4. Before wing conducts an interval takeoff he will count __ seconds to allow ft. of separation between aircraft.
 * 5. When making initial contact with each new ATC controller shall include __.
 * 6. Once safely airborne and above 300 ft. AGL, Lead should _.
 * 7. As a rule of thumb, use about ______ as a guide for airspeed closure.
 * 8. Do not exceed ____ during the Running Rendezvous.
 * 9. The 20' of stepdown position looks like this, ___.
 * 10. The parade position is described as__.
 * 11. The parade position looks like this, __.prop arc bisecting Lead's inboard wing, ventral point on the opposite aileron cutout, exhaust stack
 * 12. Wing should correct position errors in three distinct phases;
 * 13. Sucked means ____.
 * 14. Acute means.
 * 15. After leveling off into the working area. Lead will smoothly establish airspeed at _______.
 * 16. The parade rate of roll is defined as __.
 * 17. The proper turn away reference for Wing is ___.
 * 18. In the break up and rendezvous exercise Lead will always break _.
 * 19. After Lead gives the kiss-off signal. Lead will break away by sharply banking to a _.
 * 20. During the breakup turn Lead will maintain ___.
 * 21. During the break up turn. Wing will use no more than _______, and keep Lead _.
 * 22. During the rendezvous the Wing will not change power until:
 * 23. If leads wings are level, underrun by simultaneously executing these steps:
 * 24. If lead is in a turn, underrun by simultaneously executing the following steps:
 * 25. During the break and landing Lead will fly a __ and Wing will fly a ___ to help build spacing between aircraft.
 * 26. If Lead aborts the take off he will ___, and if Wing aborts takeoffhe will _____. stay on his side of the runway and immediately transmit ABORT ABORT ABORT / stay on his
 * 27. If wing loses sight of the leader in VMC, Wing will immediately _.
 * 28. If wing is blind Lead will___.
 * 29. If wing is blind Wing will___.
 * 30. If lead experiences radio failure after the VFR entry point for the runway in use, a lead change ____
 * 31. Once cleared to take the runway, the formation will maneuver to the center of their respective sides of the runway, maintaining a minimum of_______ ofwingtip separation.
 * 32. In a section takeoff after passing the runup signal and checking instruments at 500 ft-lbs reset power to _and hold constant during the takeoff.
 * 33. The neutral energy state for the T-34C is ____.
 * 34. _______, can be called by anyone in the formation and is used to direct all aircraft to cease maneuvering for any unsafe situation.
 * 35. Tail chase may not be accomplished below ___.
 * 36. HEFOE signals are only used with radio failure and are indicated by
 * one finger:     hydraulic trouble
 * two fingers:     electrical trouble
 * three fingers:   fuel trouble
 * four fingers:    oxygen trouble
 * five fingers:    engine trouble

head nod / thumbs up Turns nav lights from bright to off after the 11 pt. inspection and it's a thumbs up kiss off, and optional signals 170 K1AS 20'/30'
 * 37. Wing always acknowledges with a ___ in the air and a _ in the runup.
 * 38. 200' prior to the hold short line Lead _, and switches to button 2 to make the call.
 * 39. The only signal Wing initiates to Lead is ____.
 * 40. All signals are acknowledged except for ____.
 * 41. Max rejoin airspeed is ____.
 * 42. Stepdowns for anything but parade are _. Stepdowns for cruise form is __.
 * 43. (VMC) Turns away from wing both turn on ___, while turns into wing rotate around ____

____. (IMC) Turns away from wing both turn on ____.

their own long. Axis / leads long. Axis / leads long. Axis AOA probe intercepting prop arc, V in Navy or N in Marines above cutout, and trailing edge of port exhaust stacks tangent to the leading edge of the wing to ensure 20' stepdown 45deg bearing line = ventral point over the aileron cutout, tip of horizontal stab touching the UHF antenna, 3 wingspans of separation and 30' of step down 1. safer
 * 44. During lead change you need to add power to stop with 20' of nose to tail and will use this as a reference ____.
 * 45. Cruise position seen as _________ by the wing.
 * 46. Advantages of Cruise formation:

2. requires less attention to maintain position

3. provides better lookout capabilities

4. more fuel efficient for wingman when all training objectives have been met or at the conclusion of a tail chase More 850 ft-lbs cocking gun circling min's or 1000'ceiling/3vis Clear to cross 2200' MSL 300/310 the formation reaches 4200' MSL Flomaton and Jay at a 45deg angle / 2200' 170 K1AS then over pt. initial turn towards pt. B heading ____. 160/110/ 140
 * 47. "Terminate" is used _.
 * 48. IFR turns away require _________ power than VFR turns away.
 * 49. During cruise maneuvering lead will leave power at ___.
 * 50. Signal to direct tail chase :
 * 51. Weather min's must be ____.
 * 52. Wing will tell Lead he's _________ while taxiing clear of the runway in use.
 * 53. When departing North Whiting you must be ________ by 6.5 DME arc.
 * 54. If departure heading is 020 you must turn to __, and if departure heading is 340 you must turn to _
 * 55. Cancel radar advisories when _.
 * 56. Returning from A-2F intercept the line between _ at an altitude and speed of_________.
 * 57. Over pt. Jay turn towards pt. A heading _____, or turn towards pt. Initial Heading _________

=HUSLER GOUGE=

Section I:
Thls will help with the EXAM, use the BEAR and JAZZ Gouge for your FORM 1. Section I*. (If you only have 30 minutes, study this flrst..*pretty much guaranteed on the test!) A SECTION. WHICH NORMALLY CONSISTS OF 2 PLANES; A LEAD AND WING. AILERONS ELEVATOR POWER (PCL) 5 SECONDS...WHICH GIVES 300 FT OF SEPERATION USE SLIGHT AOB TO GET 20 FEET OF WINGTIP SEPERATION STABILIZE IN PARADE POSITION FIRST LEAD NEVER INCREASE STEPDOWN TO 20 FT (SLIGHT FORWARD STICK/PCL REDUCTION). ENSURE TRAILING EDGE OF EXHAUST STACK IS TANGENT TO THE LEADING EDGE OF THE WING. NOSE DOWN SIGNAL 500' PRIOR FOR CLIMBS GREATER THAN 500' MAKE ACTUAL TRANSITION 200' PRIOR ELEVATOR AND REDUCE POWER TO_____FT-LBS. 400FT-LBS 100' PRIOR STEPDOWN....ALWAYS! VENTRAL PT. ON CUTOUT & PROP ARC ON MIDPOINT BEFORE PARADE SEQUENCE, AFTER CROSSUNDER FROM PORT TO STBD, AFTER LEAD CHANGES AND BEFORE RECOVERY PHASE 110 2200' MSL BY 6.5 DME KISS OFF, HEAD SIGNALS, LEVEL OFF AND ROLL OUT. THUMBS UP TQ AND LEAD CHANGE. NO, LEAD DOES/TALKS TO PRE* ARRJV AND THEN PASSES IT TO WING. PARADE RATE OF ROLL SHOULD NEVER BE SACRIFICED FOR HDG. (LEAD ROLLOUT BY 30 DEGREES) BELOW THE HORIZON, FUESELAGE ON THE HORIZON SAME AS ABAOVE (BELOW THE HORIZON, FUESELAGE ON THE HORIZON) 20 FT OF STEPDOWN, 20 FEET NOSE TO TAIL, VENTRAL FIN UNDER THE "VY" IN NAVY OR "NES" IN MARINES, TRAILING EDGE OF NEAR EXHAUST STACK TANGENT TO LEADING EDGE OF NEAR WING. 20 FEET OF NOSE TO TAIL IS WHEN THE AOA PROBE INTERCEPTS THE PROP ARC AND THE V IN NAVY APPEARS AVOVE THE CUTOUT. (MARINES, 'N') PLACE THE TRAILING EDGE OF THE PORT EXHAUST STACK TANGENT TO THE LEADING EDGE OF THE WING TO ENSURE 20 FEET STEPDOWN. FLY STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FOR 1 MINUTE 1500' (HALFWAY TO THE HUB AT HOMEFIELD) 'D' LEAD MUST BREAK AWAY FROM THE WING THERE IS ONLY ONE CLIMBOUT HEADING: 310 INTERCEPT A LINE FROM FLOMATION/CENTURY TO JAY ( 120 DEG) AT 2200' MSL 170 KIAS NO GREATER THAN 45 DEG'S. CONTACT APPROACH ONCE THIS IS DONE. THE OUTERMOST PORTION OF THE WING THAT HAS BEEN CUTOUT TO INSTALL THE AILERON. REFERS TO THE POINT ON THE UNDERSIDE OF THE LEAD A/C WING EQUIDISTANT BETWEEN THE WING TIEDOWN AND THE WING CAVITY MOISTURE SCUPPER DRAIN. 10 FT STEPDOWN, 20 FT NOSE TO TAIL, 4 FT WINGTIP/TIP NOTHING...SPEED LOSS IS EXPECTED. DOWNWIND, OR PILOT'S DISCRETION IF WINDS CALM. LEAD GIVES CLIMB SIGNAL...PCL: 850 FT-LBS, CLIMB AT 120 KIAS 1) NOSE DOWN 2) LEVEL WINGS...MOVE OUTSIDE LEADERS RADIUS OF TURN. 3) PCL: IDLE 1) NOSE DOWN 2) PCL IDLE 3) MOVE FURTHER TO STBD TO OBTAIN LATERAL SEPERATION. SAME AS PARADE CHECKPOINTS...REMEMBER, SAME LONGITUDINAL AXIS. (WING ROTATES ABOUT HIS OWN LONGITUDINAL AXIS.) UNDERSIDE OF lEAD'S FUSELAGE WILL BE ON THE HORIZON AND THE VENTRAL POINT IS DIRECTLY OVER THE CUTOUT
 * WHAT IS THE SMALLEST FORMATION UNIT?
 * WHAT CONTROLS MOVEMENT ALONG THE LATERAL RELATIVE BEARING LINE?
 * WHAT CONTROLS MOVEMENT ALONG THE UP/DOWN RELATIVE BEARING LINE?
 * WHAT CONTROLS MOVEMENT ALONG THE FORE AND AFT RELATIVE BEARING LINE?
 * ON T/O THE WING WAITS ____ SECONDS TO ROLL?
 * WHEN THERE IS A LEAD CHANGE, NEW WING SHOULD DO WHAT FIRST?
 * WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP FOR THE WING IN A CROSSUNDER?
 * WHO MAKES ALL RADIO CALLS OUTSIDE THE SECTION?
 * UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCE SHOULD LEAD CHANGE POWER IN A TURN?
 * AFTER STABILIZING IN PARADE POSITION FOR A CROSSUNDER, WHAT DOES THE WING DO NEXT?
 * WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP OF AN UNDERRUN IN A TURN?
 * DURING CLIMBS, LEVEL OFF SIGNAL SHOULD BE GIVEN HOW MUCH IN ADVANCE?
 * DESCENTS OF 1000' OR LESS WILL BE DONE USING ONLY____?
 * WHILE IN A DESCENT, AS YOU APPROACH 170* 200 KIAS, YOU GIVE THE POWER REDUCTION SIGNAL
 * DESCENTS OF 500' OR LESS, THE LEVEL OFF SIGNAL WILL BE GIVEN ___ PRIOR?
 * WHAT IS ALWAYS THE FIRST THING YOU CORRECT FOR IF OUT OF POSITION?
 * THE PARADE POSITION 45 DEGREE BEARING LINE IS DEFINED BY WHAT?
 * WHEN ARE GAS CHECKS DONE?
 * WHAT IS THE COURSE RULES HDG FROM JAY TO PT. INITIAL?
 * ON DEPARTURE, WHAT IS THE EARLIEST DME/ALT YOU CAN REQUEST A TURN TO 2F?
 * WHICH SIGNALS DO NOT NEED TO BE ACKNOWLEDGED?
 * WHICH SIGNALS MUST BE RETURNED?
 * PRIOR TO DESCENT (DURING RETURN) DOES THE WINGMAN SWITCH UP TO ATIS
 * DURING A TURN WHICH IS MORE IMPORTANT...HEADING OR PARADE RATE OF ROLL?
 * IN A 30 DEG AOB TURN, WHERE SHOULD THE LEADS WING BE?
 * IN A 45 DEG AOB TURN, WHERE SHOULD THE LEADERS WING BE?
 * THE PROPER STEPDOWN AND POSITION FOR THE JOINUP IN THE 180 BREAK UP AND RENDEZVOUS IS WHAT?
 * IN THE LEAD CHANGE THE NEW WING SHOULD LOOK FOR WHAT CHECKPOINTS BEFORE PERFORMING THE NORMAL CROSSUNDER? (AFTER SLIDING BACK)
 * WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP FOR LEAD WHEN FACED WITH INADVERTENT IMC.
 * HOW MUCH SEPERATION MUST THERE BE BETWEEN THE LEAD AND WING ON LANDING?
 * FOR WHICH ENTRY (C OR D) WOULD YOU NEED TO DO A CROSSUNDER FOR?
 * WHAT ARE THE CLIMBOUT HEADINGS FOR AREA2F?
 * WHAT ARE THE INITIAL STEPS TO BEGIN HOMEFIELD RECOVERY?
 * DEFINE THE CUTOUT?
 * DEFINE THE MIDPOINT?
 * DEFINE THE PARADE POSITION?
 * DURING PARADE TURNS THE LEAD SHOULD DO WHAT TO COMPENSATE FOR SPEED LOSS?
 * DURING T/O, WHERE SHOULD THE LEAD BE LOCATED?
 * ON DEPARTURE, AFTER THE WING HAS JOINED UP, WHATS NEXT?
 * WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF THE UNDERRUN IN A TURN?
 * WHAT ARE THE STEPS OF THE UNDERRUN (NOT IN A TURN)?
 * WHAT CHECKPOINTS ARE USED DURING TURNS INTO THE WINGMAN?
 * WHAT CHECKPOINTS ARE USED DURING TURNS AWAY FROM THE WINGMAN?

1) HUNG ON A BEARING, 2) UNDERRUN, 3) DURING JOIN UP, 1) EXCESSIVELY ACUTE, 2) ACUTE IN CLOSE, 3) EXCESS CLOSURE RATE, 4) UNCOMFORTABLE GAS CHECK GAS CHECK RUNNING RENDEZVOUS LEAD WILL CONTINUE T/O AND THEN RECOVER AS A SINGLE A/C. WING/CHASE ABORT...GO OFF R/W AS A LAST RESORT TO AVOID HITTING LEAD. CAREFULLY SEPARATE...COMMUNICATE TO WING/CHASE...EXECUTE HAPL. PREPARE TO RAISE/LOWER GEAR SWITCH TO CH. 6 AND CHECK IN WITH WING. 170 KIAS NO 20 DEG 30 DEG THE LEADER SIGNALS AND THEY ADVANCE POWER TO ____ FT* LBS, MAINTAINING ____ KIAS? 120 KIAS, 650 FT* LBS, 850 FT* LBS, 120 KIAS 10 FEET LEAD CLIMBS 200 FT/WING DESCENDS 200 FT...MEET AT PREDETERMINED PT. LEAD-NO FLAP, WING-FULL FLAP.......GREATER SEPERATION. STEPDOWN, BEARING, CLOSENESS (A-B-C : ALTITUDE, BEARING, CLOSENESS) AND THEN EASES TO___ AOB. 45 AOB, NORMAL AOB TO REGAIN PATTERN LEAD IS ABEAM.
 * WHEN CAN THE WING CHANGE POWER SETTING DURING BREAK UP AND RENDEZVOUS?
 * WHEN SHOULD WING EXECUTE UNDERRUN DURING BREAK UP AND RENDEZVOUS?
 * WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP OF THE PARADE SEQUENCE?
 * WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP OF THE RECOVERY SEQUENCE?
 * WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP OF THE DEPARTURE SEQUENCE?
 * IF THE WINGMAN ABORTS T/O, WHAT SHOULD THE LEAD DO?
 * IP THE LEAD ABORTS T/O, WHAT SHOULD THE WING/CHASE DO?
 * IF SOLO AND YOU (LEAD) HAVE AN ENGINE FAILURE, WHAT TO DO?
 * WHAT DOES CRANKING YOUR HAND MEAN?         '
 * ON DEPARTURE, AFTER CANCELING RADAR ADVISORIES, WHATS THE NEXT STEP?
 * WHAT IS THE MAX SPD WING CAN USE IN THE JOIN UP PHASE OF RUNNING RENDEZVOUS?
 * WHILE RETURNING ON COURSE RULES, DO YOU GIVE SIGNALS FOR DESCENDING/TURNING?
 * WHAT IS THE MAX AOB THAT LEAD CAN USE WHEN TURNING TO DPT HEADING?
 * WHAT IS THE MAX AOB THAT WING CAN USE WHEN TURNING TO DPT HEADING?
 * WHITING A/C WILL CLIMB INITIALLY AT ____ KIAS, AND ____ FT* LBS UNTIL THE WING IS JOINED, THEN
 * PROPER STEPDOWN IN PARADE POSITION IS WHAT?
 * WHAT ARE THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF LEAD/WING IN EVENT OF LOSS OF CONTACT (BLIND)?
 * WHEN LANDING, THE LEAD MAKES A ___ LANDING, WHILE THE WING MAKES A ___.
 * CORRECTIONS SHOULD ALWAYS BE MADE IN THIS ORDER?
 * WHEN BREAKING AT HOMEFIELD, LEAD BREAKS ___ AOB UNTIL THE CENTERLINE OF THE DUTY RW
 * WHEN BREAKING AT HOMEFIELD, WING BREAKS WHEN

Section II:
(If you have 60 minutes, study these next...good chance of being on the test.) 1. FLIGHT INTEGRITY. 2. KEEP LEAD IN SIGHT. 3. MAINTAIN PROPER POSITION. 4. COMPLY WITH ALL SIGNALS AND REPLY IF NECCESARY. 1. PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY IS CONDUCTING THE SEQUENCE OF MANEUVERS. 2. KEEP CLEAR OF CLOUDS/OTHER A/C. 3. IN PROPER AREA, GOOD COURSE RULES. SMOOTH AND PRECISE AIRWORK 4. STABLE PLATFORM. AWARE OF POSITION OF WINGMAN. DIVISION STBY 630 FT-LBS IT DENOTES THE NUMBER '0' (ZERO) GO TO EMERGENCY ORBIT PATTERN AND EXECUTE NORMAL EMERGENCY GEAR PROCEDURES. NO, JUST CLEAR OF THE PATTERN UNTIL CROSSING____OR_____? .. PT 'C' OR PT 'D'                             TERM USED BY WING IF IN IMC AND HAS LOST SIGHT OF LEAD. STOP RELATIVE MOTION. ESTABLISH THUMBS UP TQ SETTING A WEEPING GESTURE FOLLOWED BY THREE FINGERS. INCREASE AOB DECREASE AOB ATMORE, BREWTON, EVERGREEN, BAY MINETTE, MONROE COUNTY 1)RUNNING RENDEZVOUS 2)CLIMBOUT/LEVELOFF 3)FREQ CHANGE 4)ESTABLISH IN WORK AREA 5)THUMBS UP TQ 1)GAS CHECK 2) PARADE TURNS (30 AOB) 3) CROSSUNDER 4) PARADE TURNS 5) CROSSUNDER 6) GAS CHECK 7) 180 BRK UP/RDZV 8) LEAD CHANGE 1)GAS CHECK 2)DSCNT/LVLOFF 3)FREQCHANGE 4)HFE 5)CROSSUNDER (IF GOING TO D)6)BREAK
 * WHAT IS THE WINGMAN'S PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY?
 * WHAT IS THE LEADER'S PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY?
 * WHAT IS A GROUP CALLED WITH TWO OR MORE SECTIONS?
 * WING TRANSPONDER SHOULD BE IN ______ THE WHOLE TIME.
 * WHAT IS THE APPROX, GOUGE. THUMBS UP TQ SETTING?
 * WHAT DOES A FIST UP AFTER A FREQ CHANGE SIGNAL MEAN?
 * WHAT SHOULD YOU DO IF YOU HAVE UNSAFE GEAR INDICATION WHILE SOLO?
 * DOES WING HAVE TO BE JOINED UP FOR LEAD TO MAKE DEPARTURE CALL?
 * WHILE ON COURSE RULES HOME, YOU MAINTAIN 2200' UNTIL YOU ARE DIRECTED BY APRCH/TOWER, OR
 * DEFINE SEPARATED?
 * AFTER LEVELOFF, WHAT SHOULD THE WING IMMEDIATELY DO?
 * WHAT IS THE SIGNAL FOR A FUEL PROBLEM? (HEFOE)
 * WHILE DOING A BREAKUP/RENDEZVOUS, IF YOU ARE SUCKED?
 * IF YOU ARE ACUTE?
 * WHAT ARE THE 5 DIVERT FIELDS IN AREA 2F?
 * WHAT IS THE ORDER OF THE DEPARTURE SEQUENCE?
 * WHAT IS THE ORDER OF THE PARADE SEQUENCE?
 * WHAT IS THE ORDER OF THE RETURN/RECOVERY SEQUENCE?

=11 point Form Checklist= (Print this out and stick it in your blue brains) To be conducted in after runup is complete prior to moving to runway.

Check		--				If Bad: 	Thumbs down then…

1. Prop out of feather	-		Forearm vert, hand extended, rotate

2. Engine Cowlings Secure	-		Radio

3. Canopies Closed and Locked	 -	Both hands simulate closing

4. All Panels Secure		-		Radio

5. Proper Extension of Struts	-	Radio

6. Proper Tire Inflation		-	Radio

7. Flaps Retracted		-		Hand puppet talking

8. All Antennas Secure		-	Radio

9. Horizontal and Vertical Stabilizers -	Radio

10. No visible Leaks		-		Radio

11. Navigation and Strobe Lights		Index and middle finger point at eyes

=Forms Step by Step Script=

New Vocab
Parade position (def) Properly aligning the “ventral point” on the aileron cutout, and the prop ark bisecting the midpoint (between the scupper drain and the tie down) of the inboard wing. With 10 ft of step-down.

Thumbs up torq (def) Aprox 630 ft lbs, 150kts

Join up position: (def) 20 foot of step-down, 20 foot of nose to tail separation and directly under either the pitot tube (left turning) or the moisture scupper drain (right turning).

Turn away position (def) Lead wingtip on horizon ventral point over cutout.

HEFOE: (def) 1. Hydraulic * Electrical 3. Fuel,4. Oxygen 5. Engine

Procedure Once strapped in
Get your gear and aircraft number as usual, note partner's parking spot and plan an area to rendezvous. Go through normal Prestart (turn NAV lights on bright) Radio check-in . Switch and call clearance Clearance: “Shooter xxx and flight, squawk ____. North ground will reply: “Shooter ____ and flight, taxi to rwy __,
 * Lead: "Panther"
 * Wing: "Two with information _____” (if ready to taxi, else: Two Standby” when ready "Two with information _____”)
 * Lead: "Panther swith to button 11"
 * Wing: "Two” then switch…
 * Lead: "Panther"
 * Wing: "Two”
 * Lead: "North Clearnace, Shooter xxx, Shooter yyy, flight of two (or three), VFR to Area 2F for 2 hours."
 * Lead: "Shooter xxx and flight squawk ____ roger, Panther switch button 1."
 * Wing: "Two” then switch…
 * Lead: "Panther"
 * Wing: "Two”
 * Lead: "North Ground, Shooter xxx, taxi (parking spots), flight of two (or three) with information ____.” (Any further calls with ground will be said with "Shooter 7xx and flight")

Ground Run-Up... Taxi to Run-up, maintain adequate separation, about 1.5 plane lengths

Once clear the line stagger to the left or right. If on different lines meet up at the hub. Conduct Run-up and Takeoff checklists and conduct a silent 11 pt. Check
 * Wing (ICS) “Configuration correct, panels secure, no visible leaks, initiating thumbs up.”
 * Lead (ICS) Configuration correct, panels secure, no visible leaks, return thumbs up.” “Wingman in position, area clear, frequency change to 355.55” Pass signal “Ready, look.”
 * Wing (ICS) “Frequency change to____, acknowledge.” (Head nod)
 * Lead: "Panther"
 * Wing: "Two”
 * Lead: "Shooter Base, Shooter xxx, Shooter yyy, flight of two (or three), outbound.”
 * Lead: "Panther switch to button 1"
 * Wing: "Two” then switch…
 * Lead: "Panther"
 * Wing: "Two”

On the road to the hold-short...
Taxi to hold short in column until out to runup then in staggered column. 200' prior to hold short... * Lead: (ICS) "200 ft prior, nav lights off, switching tower."
 * Wing: (ICS upon seeing Leads lights go out) "Switching Tower, nav lights off.
 * Lead: "Panther"
 * Wing: "Two”

Once at the hold-short...
Lead: 'North Tower, Shooter 7xx, flight of two, takeoff (Any further calls with tower will be said with "Shooter 7xx and flight")

* Listen for winds, Lead pulls onto downwind side of runway, or pilot's discretion if wind calm, Wing pulls onto opposite side, lines up leading edge of wing with trailing edge of  Lead's horizontal stab * Make sure to finish last four of takeoff checklist (Lead squawk ALT, Wing squawk STBY)

On the runway...
* 	Power 500 ft-lbs, check instruments, quickly conduct silent 1* point check, * 	Wing: (ICS) “Thumbs up signal.” (pass signal) * Lead: (ICS): “Thumbs up signal, return.” (return signal, look forward, pass the “kiss off” signal) Heels to deck, 1015 ft-lbs. Maintain side of runway * Wing: Count quickly 5-4-3-2-1, Heels to deck, 1015 ft-lbs. (at 60 kts check lead for abort)
 * Both (ICS): “Aircraft looks good.”

Departure...
Wing: "Two”	 	Lead: "Panther"	 	 Wing: "Two"	 Lead: "Pensacola Departure, Shooter 7xx, flight of two, passing  ____ feet.” When he confirms radar contact.. Lead: “Pensacola Departure, Shooter ____ and flight , request early turn to Area 2F” when given turn to 300 if departing to E or 310 if departing to the west. As you pass 4200’ Lead: “Pensacola departure, shooter ____ and flight, clear of class C cancel radar advisories. “When approved.. Lead: “Shooter ____ and flight roger, Panther switch button six.” Wing: “Two” both aircraft change freq Lead: “Panther” Wing: “Two” Lead change squawk
 * Lead Check fuel caps, retract gear "Fuel caps secure, 3 up and locked"
 * Maintain heading
 * Climb at 120 kts to 300'
 * At 300',reterd power a sufficient amount to allow Wing a clsoing adv., turn at no more than 20° AOB and maintain 120 kts in climb
 * Wing: Retract gear AFTER Lead retracts "Fuel caps secure, 3 up and locked".
 * Establish radius of turn inside lead’s 1015 ft-lbs., do not exceed 170 knots to close with lead. If too fast, underrun.
 * Place him at 1* o'clock position (exhaust stack buried).
 * Maneuver to Stbd parade with 20' stepdown (exhaust stack tangent)
 * Stabilize Move up to Stbd parade (use power)
 * When clear of pattern and wing joined:
 * Lead: “Panther switch button 3”

THUMBS-UP-TORQUE (150 KTS) * 	Lead: THUMBS-UP-TORQUE signal "Wingman in position, area clear, thumbs-up-torque signal, ready pass (thumbs up), ready look, acknowledged" * Wing: acknowledge with a Thumbs-Up, elbow on the canopy.

*NOTE...Wing, make sure all relative motion is stopped before returning thumbs up, shake off until then. This will save you both a lot of headaches in the B&R's. * Lead: Keep the flight in the area no matter what, use longer turns or up to 20° AOB turns at any time to maintain area. * Wing: Fly the checkpoints.

PARADE SEQUENCE:
GAS CHECK Report normal IGP to instructor (give Wing time to give reports, it'll take him a little longer) Report IGB, with ball centered.
 * Lead: "Wingman in position, area clear, gas check signal, ready pass (drink, head back), ready look, acknowledged"
 * Wing: Acknowledge signal (nod)

*Between each report, look at Lead to maintain position, if you give them all at once, you'll get out of position

4 TURNS (turns away).. ...turn about own axis, add power (wingtip on horizon, ventral point over cutout) (turns into).. ...turn about lead's axis, reduce power (same checkpoints as parade position)
 * Lead: "Wingman in position, area clear, Slowly roll 30° AOB for 180° heading change (minimum)
 * Wing:

NOTE.. .as with starboard parade position, during the turns, see where Lead is on your glass. Get him in the ballpark first, then if he starts to move out of that position, make the tiny corrections to stop movement, then focus on the checkpoints for precision. * Lead: Continue turns to set up in area, give a long straightaway for crossunder...

 CROSSUNDER  Maintain straight and level flight - CRITICAL
 * Lead: "Wingman in postion, area clear, crossunder signal, ready pass (fist), ready look, acknowledged"
 * Wing: Acknowledge signal (nod)
 * Slight nose down, slight power off, get 20' stepdown (exhaust stack tangent to wing), stabilize 2-3 seconds.
 * Slight wing flash then level, slight power on to crossunder... (drive exhaust stacks ABOVE the top of the canopy rail from wing to opposite exhaust stack on opposite wing and lead the stop of the movement when ventral point is nearing cutout., stabilize 2-3 seconds.
 * Slight nose up, and power to move up into port parade, watch the canopy for the next signal.

4 TURNS (turns away).. ...turn about own axis, add power (wingtip on horizon, ventral point over cutout) (turns into).. ...turn about lead's axis, reduce power (same checkpoints as parade position)
 * Lead: "Wingman in position, area clear, Slowly roll 30° AOB for 180° heading change (minimum)
 * Wing:

NOTE.. .as with starboard parade position, during the turns, see where Lead is on your glass. Get him in the ballpark first, then if he starts to move out of that position, make the tiny corrections to stop movement, then focus on the checkpoints for precision. * Lead: Continue turns to set up in area, give a long straightaway for crossunder...

CROSSUNDER Maintain straight and level flight - CRITICAL
 * Lead: "Wingman in position, area clear, crossunder signal, ready pass (fist), ready look, acknowledged"
 * Wing: Acknowledge signal (nod)
 * Slight nose down, slight power off, get 20' stepdown (exhaust stack tangent to wing), stabilize 2-3 seconds.
 * Slight wing flash then level, slight power on to crossunder... (drive exhaust stacks ABOVE the top of the canopy rail from wing to opposite exhaust stack on opposite wing and lead the stop of the movement when ventral point is nearing cutout., stabilize 2-3 seconds.
 * Slight nose up, and power to move up into port parade, watch the canopy for the next signal.

GAS CHECK * 	Lead: "Wingman in position, area clear, gas check signal, ready pass (drink, head back), ready look, acknowledged" Report normal IGP to instructor (give Wing time to give reports, it'll take him a little longer) * Wing: Acknowledge signal (nod) Report IGB, with ball centered.

*Between each report, look at Lead to maintain position, if you give them all at           once, you'll get out of position

BREAK UP & RENDEZVOUS (4) "Wingman in position, area clear, kiss off signal, ready pass" (fist and backhand canopy)
 * Lead: Set 150 kts, TRIM! Give BREAK UP & RENDEVOUS signal... "Wingman in position, area clear, breakup and rendezvous signal, ready pass (3 finger circles), ready look, acknowledged"
 * Wing: Nod
 * Lead: (still looking at Wing after the acknowledgement), start next signal...
 * BREAK, quick and crisp to 45° AOB left turn for 180° (min) * Must maintain altitude in turn, to help out Wing. Plan rollout to keep flight in area...
 * Rollout, quick and crisp to wings level
 * Time for 20 seconds (check airspeed, if slow, power to 850# for airspeed, then power back to thumbs up torque)
 * After 20 seconds elapse... FLASH 30° AOB, then back off to 20° AOB
 * Hold the 20° AOB until Wing in stbd parade (get comfy, it'll be a few minutes.. .make sure you hold 20° and hold altitude, must to help Wing in joinup)
 * Wing: When Lead slaps canopy and breaks, IMMEDIATELY come back inside cockpit
 * Reset Thumbs-Up-Torque setting and level on the gyro / horizon
 * When past abeam, go get him...
 * BREAK 45° AOB when he's abeam
 * Work up to 60° to put Lead at 1* o'clock on or slighty below horizon.

*NOTE: Keep Lead just outside your prop arc as you turn, that won't be hard, but work hard to keep him on or slightly below the horizon. Never accept an unsafe situation, initiate an underrun! *NOTE.. .a good technique is to put Lead in the lower right portion of the windscreen to get him in the ballpark. Don't let that picture change, don't try to look around the canopy from the back to see him, if you have to, you are off- keep that sight picture on the glass until the next step. " Wingman in position, area clear, rollout signal, ready pass (3 hand chops), no reply" * Roll gently back to wings level. 6 	Wing: Stabilize in Parade.
 * When Lead rolls level, put him at 12 o'clock on or slightly below horizon (don't let him balloon up over the horizon)
 * When Lead flashes, turn immediately to 30° AOB and work for the bearing lines (when virtical stabilizer BISETCS the opposite wing = 45, when stab covers wingtip = 60)
 * When the tail is at 1/2 wingtip (when only orange is showing), level wings until tail is on wingtip
 * Throughout the entire procedure, keep Lead on or slightly below horizon
 * Ensure 150 and wing flash in until he's * Wingspan away, then start join-up.
 * Slight nose down and slight power off to stabilize w/ 20' stepdown (exhaust stack tangent, pitot tube between your legs)
 * Pull back for 20' nose-to-tail ("VY" or "NES" underlined with horiz stab), then stabilize
 * Smooth cross beneath and up into turn away position (* motion... Lead wingtip on horizon ventral point over cutout)
 * Lead: Check wingman in position and not jockeying around.
 * Give "Rollout" signal, be aware of position in area to setup for next manuever if last B&R:

UNDER-RUN if required

Immediately... * 	Wing: Lower, Level, Idle (Lower attitude way down, level wings, Power to idle all in ONE motion) "Panther Two, underrun" * Lead: Check Wing's position, keep him in sight if possible. "Panther Two, reset thumbs up torque" * Wing: Once no longer closing with lead, match lead’s AOB and join to the turn turn away position If not in turn: Lower, Idle, Separate (move aft)

LEAD CHANGE * 	Lead: check wing in position on the right side Give LEAD CHANGE signal: "Wingman in position, area clear, lead change signal, ready pass... (left hand helmet/point), ready look, acknowledged" DON'T LOOK AWAY AFTER HE TAKES LEAD! 1	Slight dip away for 20' wingtip separation (lead the correction to stop movement away early enough) * Slight nose down, slight power off to slide down and back (slide pilot lube along the engine cowling.. .very easy to see) * Lead correction with power on to stabilize in position (AOA probe on prop arc, exhaust stack tangenl, "V/N" above cutout) _ 	Commence a Normal crossunder * Wing: Acknowledge and return signal...(helmet/point forward) IMMEDIATELY...you are LEAD, manage area, maintain thumbs up torque and your altitude.

Repeat the sequence with Wing as Lead.

maintenance area?)
 * Remember Wing is now lead and has the Comms if necessary (i.e., going into the

RECOVERY PHASE
While Wing is getting into parade position, Lead gets gets ATIS. From VOR * 	Lead: give fuel check signal Lead: ensure flight has ATIS: "Panther" * Wing: "Two, with information ___" or if wing was unable to get info: “Two, with negative information.” Lower the nose and accelerate to 170-200 kts, five knots before airspeed retard power slowly to 400’lbs . Begin level off at 2400 and advance power to establish 2200’ 170 kts. Fly to the stacks head 120° for Jay Initiate underun if necessary to make sure break is away from wing. Lead: (ICS) Wingman in position, area clear, crossunder signal.” (Pass Signal) “Ready, look.” Wing: (ICS) Crossunder signal, acknowledge when they look.” (acknowledge signal then perform crssunder) From Jay to RWY 23/32 110° to Initial and then 140° to B From Jay to RWY 14/5 165° to C. When point C/D in sight Lead: (UHF) “Panther switch channel two."			Wing: “Two”			Lead: “Panther”			Wing: “Two” Descend to 1300’ and line up, when cleared by tower:			Lead: “North Tower, Shooter ____ and flight, break runway ____.”			Lead: (ICS) “Wingman in position, area clear, kiss off signal.” (pass signal and break using 45° and set up for downwind).			Wing: (ICS) “Kiss off signal.” (Not returned, resume VFR scan and break five seconds after lead.) Lead will land NO FLAP Wing will land full flap and ensure 1500 feet separation until touchdown..			Lead: (UHF) “North tower, Shooter _____, 180, gear down and locked full stop.”			Wing: “Dash 2, 180 gear down and locked full stop.”
 * Lead: “Panther with information _____, runway _____, altimeter _____.”
 * Lead: Pensacola Approach, Shooter ______, flight of two, Approaching Jay with information ___.
 * Lead: “North Tower, Shooter____ flight of two, Point C/D with information ___” (Acknowledge tower’s reply)
 * With interval and when cleared

SAFELY LANDED
When clear of active runway... * 	Both aircraft switch CH * & perform post landing checklist Lead: “Panther” Wing: “Two.” Lead: "North Ground, Shooter ___, flight of two, return. 2 Taxi to parking Lead: “Shooter base shooter _____ and flight return.” Conduct normal shutdown