Familiarization sims (100-106)

=SFAM 100=

Goal
Introduce normal cockpit procedures, start procedures, and shutdown procedures.

Introduce

 * Pre-start checklist.
 * Post APP start checklist.
 * Starting engines/rotors checklist.
 * Pre-taxi checklist.
 * Cargo ramp and door procedures checklist.
 * Operation of engine trim switches.
 * Cruise checklist.
 * Fuel transfer checklist.
 * Monitoring of instruments (fuel gauges).
 * Operation of the ICS and radios.
 * Fuel management.
 * Pre-landing checklist.
 * Shutdown checklist.

=SFAM 101=

Goal
Introduce aircraft emergencies, normal ground and flight procedures. Review start/shutdown procedures.

Introduce
1. AIRCREW BRIEF - Look in PCL
 * Aircrew brief.

2. EXTERNAL FUEL TANK JETTISON (NATOPS Ch 2.5.1.2-3, 12.22.2) - aux tanks can hold 650 gal, 4420 lbs each - each has 2 forced ejection cartridges that permit jettison (explosives) 1 or 2 at time, activated by electric switch - each tank has fuel/air drop valves to seal off appropriate lines on jettison - scissor switches on LEFT MLG closes and energizes relays when airborne - safety pin opens microswitch that disables the jettison and test circuit - EXTERNAL FUEL TANK JETTISON EP	* 1 - A/S-	0-150 KIAS (max in a descent - 120 KIAS) * 2 - ROD	1500 FPM or less * 3 - AOB-	0 deg * 4 - Area-	Clear if possible * 5 - Desired AUX TANK JTSN switch -	On
 * External fuel tank jettison.

3. CARGO RAMP/DOOR OPERATION - door and ramp work in conjunction with each other and the tail skid - ramp lowered, door retracts into cabin, tail skid retract when on the ground - ramp system has floating ramp capability - w/ relief valves in press lines (for taxi drops) - allows hydr press to bypass and allow ramp to move to closed when force applied - ramp controlled either from pilot panel, or crewchief panel (one or the other) WARNING - when transferring controls, ensure receiving station hold so ramp not move
 * Cargo ramp/door operation.

4. ENGINE START EMERGENCIES  (NATOPS Ch 7) - APP Start - wait 2 min before restarting APP - APP start - light off 20%, clutch engage 100% - before 92% only auto shutdown is high temp. - after 92%, auto shutdown overspeed and low press available CAUTION - shutoff APP by lever SHUTOFF, CB switch OFF. Abort when - accel > 4 sec, no RPM, temp > 621 deg, no clutch w/I 4 sec - BIM caution light may be on for 2 min while IBIS warm up
 * Engine start emergencies.

- CAUTION - if pitch locks engaged, ensure second stage pressure is zero

- caution panel - after test, UTIL OIL HOT, ACC GB OIL PRESS, ACC GB OIL HOT should be off, or else shut down generators and APP - rotor positioner switch - if held over 5 sec after start pos, safety valve will open. - must cycle BLADE/PYLON FOLD MASTER POWER - ENG START HEAD POS advisory light on, hold until ROTOR BRAKE ON light out. - ENGINE Start - ENG STARTER ON lite on, GRD IDLE min of 20% Ng	- if no light-off w/I 10 sec after fuel flow, abort & shutoff SCL - run starter 1 min to purge fuel, and then wait 1 min to drain excess fuel - ensure Ng is 0% before engaging the starter - HOT START possible if fuel flow exceeds 175 pph before light-off at GRD IDLE - HOT START possible if T5 reaches 650 deg before idle - abort and purge fuel as above - HUNG START - Ng not accel to idle (60.5-70%), hi T5 (>650 deg), start time > 60 sec - COLD HANGUP - Ng not accel to idle, low T5	- during purge, fuel may spray into power turbine / tailpipe & drip onto helo - fire hazard - ground personnel shall wipe tailpipe, EGR nozzle, fuselage before attempt start

- ENGINE running - check instruments - ENG FUEL BOOST, ENG OIL PRESS LOW / HIGH caution lights off

CAUTION - hi press light may be on for 3 min until oil warmed, if longer, secure Engine. Do NOT pass grnd idle until oil pressure is within normal operating limits

- T5 - within limits (713 max cont, 753 mil 30 min, 773 max 10 min, 792 max 10 min A)	- fuel flow - 200-350 lbs/hr - Ng about 60.5-70% ground idle - Starter should come off b/w 51-58% Ng. If not, manually shutoff starter. - If engine shuts down, or abnormal T5, Ng, fuel flow, fuel lines may have lost prime CAUTION - if APP flame out before rotor engage, no hydraulic or electric power will be available - SHUT OFF APP - if rotor brake slips or is release w/o electrical power, cannot tell if rotor brake full on		- fire hazard exist, so turn OFF rotor brake

- ROTOR BRAKE OFF - hold for about 5 sec - ensure ROTOR BRAKE ON, ROTOR BRAKE PRESS cautions lites go off - ensure 1 STG M/R SERVO BYPAS & 1 STG PRESS M/R T/R cautions off together - 1st stage hydraulic check

CAUTION - shut down engines if NGB oil press caution light on after Nr stabilized idle - rotor engage, check BLADES SPREAD & FLIGHT READY lights go off with MGB OIL PRESS caution light at above 14 psi. if not, secure rotor engagement

CAUTION - do NOT go past 100% Nr until APP secured, or else may backdrive APP

- Eng overspeed check - match all Tq @ 100% Nr, quick switch - Ng, Nf, T5, fuel flow, Tq decr - Flat pitch check - Nr should be 104-107% and Ng, T5, Tq should be about same

- SHUTDOWN - post shutdown fire indicated by continuous or rising T5 above 320, engage starter - As rotor speed decrease, gradually raise collective to detent, droop stops in - CLTV dn	- watch tip path plane to ensure no damage to droop stops - if droop stops not in, increase Nr above 75% with last engine and reattempt shutdown

- ROTOR BRAKE - low press on 5 sec, ROTOR BRAKE PRESS caution light off after 10 psi - after 350 psi, pump auto stops for 60 sec and restarts. - ROTOR BRAKE ON advisory light on after 975 psi - RTR BK light on tachometer goes on at 50% Nr and stays on until 25% Nr - normal brake on with all engines off, Nr < 25%, low press rotor brake ON

CAUTION - If APP inop and no external power, let rotors coast to stop

5. VERTICAL TAKEOFF TO HOVER (STAN MAN para 3003) - 10 ft hover (25 ft until FAM 115) - neutralize controls - pull on collective until hover altitude - slight aft cyclic initially, then controls as necessary (5-7 deg nose high, 2 deg left wing down) - check torque and engine instruments within limits and report “THREE GOOD PULLS”
 * Vertical takeoff to a hover.

6. TRANSITION TO FWD FLIGHT (STAN MAN para 3006) - goal is to reach 200 ft, 60 kts - move cyclic fwd, coordinate collective and rudder (nose NO lower than 5 deg) - check all engine instruments and report “THREE POSITIVE RATES OF CLIMB, A/S OFF THE PEG”
 * Transition to forward flight.

7. NORMAL APPCH TO HOVER / NORMAL VERTICAL LANDING (STAN MAN para 3007) - DOWNWIND TRANSITION begins at 300 ft AGL (500 ft until FAM 115) and 80-100 KIAS - ABEAM intended pt of landing, reduce collective - descend, decel - turn to 90. - 200-300 FPM ROD, 5-8 deg nose up - reducing CLTV and setting 10 deg nose up should get you good descend/decel - 90 POS at 200-250 ft AGL (350 ft for 500 ft pattern) and 60-80 KIAS - FINAL 1000 ft straightaway, 150-200 ft AGL, 40-60 KIAS, aligned with runway - FLARE at 150-200 ft AGL (10-15 deg nose up), maintain runway heading - GLIDE SLOPE to landing point, 30 ft AGL - reduce nose att (8 deg up max)
 * Normal approaches to a hover and normal vertical landing.

8. ENG COMPARTMENT FIRE ON GROUND (NATOPS Ch 12.20.1) * 1 - Speed control lever -	SHUT OFF * 2 - Emerg T-handle (for eng on fire) -	PULL AFT This shuts off fuel and selects which eng compartment for extinguisher * 3 - Main engine fire ext. switch --	MAIN, RESERVE (if necessary) * 4 - Ground crew 	ALERT
 * Engine compartment fire on the ground.

9. SINGLE AND/OR DUAL ENGINE COMPARTMENT FIRES INFLIGHT (NATOPS Ch 12.20.2) - usually result of eng malfunction or component failure - ruptured oil/fuel lines usually detected by engine instrument indications - turn 90 deg to check if fire light is set off by sun - confirm fire by sight or smell - if more than one T-handle pulled aft, then the last T-handle will determine which bottles go into which comparts * 1 - Collective --	MAINTAIN Nr	* 2 - Airspeed ---	As required * 3 - Pickle --	As required * 4 - Speed control levers --	As required (shutoff affected engine/s) * 5 - Fire T-handles -	PULL AFT (affected engine/s) * 6 - Main engine fire extinguisher switch --	MAIN, RESERVE (if necessary) NOTE if 2 bottles lit off, last bottle can go into either remaining compartment. Switchology will depend on which bottles were lit off. Most expeditious selection MAIN, then RESERVE. * 7 - If fire continues, land immediately 8 - If fire extinguished, refer to SINGLE or DUAL ENGINE FAILURE EP.
 * Single and/or dual engine compartment fires in-flight.

10. SIMULTANEOUS ENGINE COMPARTMENT FIRES INFLIGHT (NATOPS Ch 12.20.4) * 1 - LAND IMMEDIATELY
 * Simultaneous engine compartment fires in-flight.

11. APP OR CABIN HEATER FIRE (NATOPS Ch 12.20.5) - fire master lights and APP T-handle light on	* 1 - APP emergency T-handle 	PULL AFT (fire ext, shutoff APP & heater fuel) * 2 - if fire persists --	LAND IMMEDIATELY 3 - APP circuit breaker control switch -	OFF (if APP is on) 4 - Cabin heater rheostat control 	OFF (if heater on) 5 - Alert ground crew (if on the ground)
 * APP or cabin heater fire.

12. FUSELAGE FIRE (NATOPS Ch 12.20.6) * 1 - Cockpit circular vents -	CLOSED * 2 - Vent fan switch -	OFF * 3 - If fire persists ---	LAND IMMEDIATELY
 * Fuselage fire.

13. FUEL DUMP (NATOPS Ch 2.5.5) - 1 & 2L tanks have fuel dump valve and motive flow by 1 dump pump - 2R & 3 tanks have identical system - each sponson dumps at rate of 75 GPM with one or both tanks in sponson selected. - can dump all fuel except what is required for 30 min flight normal cruise power. - 666+-30 (#1,3 tanks), 333 +-15 lbs (each #2 tank = 15 min) - FUEL LOW caution light turn on and auto close dump valve (per sponson) - electrical power (all CB's located in cabin) - left sponson fuel dump - control - No 1 pri DC bus, operate - No 2A pri AC bus - right sponson fuel dump - control - No 3 pri DC bus, operate - No 3 pri AC bus
 * Fuel dump.

- EP (NATOPS Ch. 12.22.3) 1. A/S ---	90-130 KIAS 2. ROD--	less than 1500 FPM 3. Avoid populated areas. 4. Determine desired fuel to remain after dump 5. Fuel dump switches 	As required 6. Fuel quantity-	Monitor 7. Fuel dump switches 	Secure when desired fuel reached. - if fuel dump not secured, will dump down to low-level caution light and auto-shutoff

CAUTION - wait 2 min for fuel dump lines to drain, do not overfly ship/LZ

8. Dump tubes -	 check

Practice

 * Start/shutdown procedures.

=SFAM 102=

Goal
Introduce engine malfunctions. Practice cockpit and flight procedures, start/shutdown checklist and all previously introduced emergencies.

Introduce
performance.
 * Blade/pylon fold system switchology.
 * CH-53 NATOPS brief/CH-53 NATOPS debrief.
 * Maximum performance takeoff.
 * Straight-in approach.
 * Engine restarts during flight.
 * Crosswind landing.
 * Single engine failure (hover and takeoff).
 * Effects of gross weight on single and/or dual engine
 * Single and/or dual engine failure at altitude.
 * Engine shutdown in-flight.
 * Compressor stall.
 * Engine power loss.
 * Engine post-shutdown fire.

Practice

 * Cockpit and flight procedures.
 * Start/shutdown checklist.
 * All previously introduced emergencies.

=SFAM 103=

Goal
Introduce running landings and autorotations. Practice aircraft emergencies, previously introduced flight procedures and normal cockpit procedures.

Introduce
temperature, density altitude, etc.) on the performance of the aircraft.
 * Running takeoff/landing.
 * Wave-off.
 * Single and/or dual engine wave-off/landing.
 * Power recovery autorotation.
 * High angle of bank maneuvering and the effects of variables (angle of bank, power required, descent rate, gross weight,
 * Dual engine failure at altitude.
 * Engine overspeed.
 * Single and/or dual engine failure (hover/takeoff).
 * Nf flex shaft failure.

Practice

 * Aircraft emergencies.
 * Previously introduced flight procedures.
 * Normal cockpit procedures.

=SFAM 104=

Goal
Introduce gearbox malfunctions. Introduce basic CRM concept. Practice previously introduced emergency and flight procedures.

Introduce

 * Engine chip detector light.
 * Control linkage failure.
 * Power deterioration.
 * Engine oil pressure high caution light, high oil temperature, engine oil quantity low.
 * Nose gearbox chip detector light/failure.
 * Accessory gearbox oil system failure.
 * Accessory gearbox chip detector light/failure.
 * Main gearbox oil system failures.
 * Main gearbox chip locator light/failure.
 * Power train failures.
 * Tail rotor drive system failure, tail rotor gearbox or intermediate gearbox failure, and tail rotor or intermediate gearbox chip detector light.

Practice

 * Previously introduced emergencies.
 * Flight procedures.

=SFAM 105=

Goal
Introduce communication skills IAW CRM techniques. Practice all ground, flight, and aircraft emergency procedures.

Introduce

 * Obstacle takeoff and approach.
 * Smoke and fume elimination.
 * AFCS computer malfunctions/mode failures, total AFCS failure.
 * BIM/Blade Pressure caution light (in-flight).
 * Approach and landing with tail rotor control system failure.
 * Tail rotor tandem servo malfunction.
 * Fuel filter bypass light.
 * Hydraulic fire in main rotor pylon.
 * Use of GPS system.
 * Sender/receiver responsibilities and overcoming communication barriers. Discuss ICS switchology and techniques, visual and standard terminology.

Practice

 * Ground, flight, and aircraft emergency procedures.

=SFAM 106=

Goal
Conduct Progress Check. Introduce communication skills IAW CRM techniques.

Introduce

 * Ground resonance procedure.
 * Power settling (vortex ring state).
 * Settling with power.
 * Dynamic rollover.
 * Electrical fire.
 * Alternating/Direct current system failures.
 * Rotor damper failure.
 * Lightning strike.
 * Most conservative response rule, the two-challenge rule, and task saturation with compound emergencies.