I4303

=Failed Directional gyro VOR/TACAN procedures= TACAN/VOR DIRECTIONAL GYRO FAILURE (FTI 412. p4-19)

Maneuver Description and Application [Reference: NIFM Paragraph 18.6.1 (Heading Indicator Failure), Directional Gyro Failure Flight Techniques and Procedures (NATC Booklet)]

Directional gyro failure procedures are practiced in order to enable the pilot to execute a TACAN/VOR approach with a failed directional gyro.

A. VOR Procedures

 * 1.	The instructor will initiate the maneuver by pulling the hsi circuit breaker. This will secure power to the hsi and the rmi card.
 * 2.	Stabilize the aircraft straight and level in balanced flight. Execute natops emergency procedures.
 * 3.	Troubleshoot. Secure searchlight, landing light, ecs, defog blower, and pitot heat. Report problem and request radar service.
 * 4.	Level the wings and look at the tail of the needle to determine the radial on which the aircraft is located.
 * 5.	Check the wet compass for magnetic heading.
 * 6.	Set the appropriate course in the cdi/hsi.
 * 7.	Utilizing radial intercept techniques, select an intercept heading then make a standard rate wet compass turn to that heading.
 * 8.	Upon intercepting the bearing, apply tracking procedures.
 * 9.	Utilize full panel procedures for other maneuvers.

Amplification and Technique
 * 1.	With a failed directional gyro, the TACAN/VOR needle will display magnetic bearing.
 * 2.	To avoid confusion and orientation problems, always look at the RMI and navaid needles to select an interception heading. Then, make the turn to that heading utilizing magnetic compass techniques.
 * 3.	Depending on the position of the failed directional gyro, you might see the tail of the needle fall and the head rise, contrary to what you are accustomed to seeing.
 * 4.	Remember that your heading on an arc is roughly 80-100 degrees from the radial that you are on at a given time.

B.	Failed directional gyro TACAN procedures
Connor Says:
 * Same as above and then FLY THE APPROACH! Remember, the CDI Still works, so use it!  The head of the needle will not always fall and the tail will not always rise (given its current orientation) but, if you can visualize your current heading on the compass card, you can figure out what you need to do to make the head / tail rise or fall.
 * Keep your orientation. Remember, you are still on the tail of the needle, so plot your current position on the approach plate and keep track of where you are and where you are going.  This is the key to failed card because being able to do the cockpit math means nothing if you can’t figure out where you are going.

=Practice Approaches VFR/IFR= VFR (OPNAV 3710-7T section 5.2.6 c Visual Flight Rules Procedures: Additional Requirements) IFR (OPNAV 3710-7U section 5.3.5.2 Instrument Approaches and Landing Minimums: Practice Approaches) Some instructors also emphasize that you should have the fuel to get to your destination/alternate before shooting a practice approach as well.
 * A simulated instrument approach to an airport for which an approved instrument approach exists shall not be commenced until prior approval has been obtained from the appropriate approach control or, in the case of non-approach control locations, the airport traffic control tower. At non-tower airports, the associated flight service station, if applicable, shall be notified of the simulated instrument approach
 * (In a single-piloted A/C) Practice approaches may be commenced with below weather mins provided you don’t intend to land there, it is not your alternate or destination, and you have the required mins at your destination and your alternate.

Make sure you look at AIM 4-3-21 PRACTICE INSTRUMENT APPROACHES (lots of useful information for VFR & IFR)